Ireland vs United Kingdom
The gap between Ireland and United Kingdom is about ~1.8 tCO₂e/person/year per person per year (about 40% higher). Globally, Ireland ranks around #19 and United Kingdom around #31 by CO₂ per capita. Both can be compared to the global median of ~4.7 tCO₂e per person.
CO₂ per capita
Lower is betterWorld median: ~~4.7 tCO₂e/year
Europe median: ~~5.3 tCO₂e/year
Consumption-based CO₂ per capita
Lower is betterWorld median: ~~6.5 tCO₂e/year
Europe median: ~~7.1 tCO₂e/year
Electricity carbon intensity
Lower is betterWorld median: ~~345 gCO₂/kWh
Europe median: ~~190 gCO₂/kWh
Renewable electricity share
Higher is betterWorld median: ~~34%
Europe median: ~~49%
Key takeaways
Ireland has much higher per-capita emissions and slightly higher consumption-based emissions while United Kingdom has much lower per-capita emissions and lower consumption-based emissions and similar renewable share.
Quick comparison
Ireland has higher per-capita emissions (~6.3 tCO₂e/person/year) than United Kingdom (~4.5 tCO₂e/person/year). The difference is about ~1.8 tCO₂e/person/year, or about 40% higher.
In the global ranking by CO₂ per capita, Ireland stands around #19 and United Kingdom around #31.
Ireland is above the global median (~4.7 tCO₂e/person), about 34% above.
United Kingdom is close to the global median (~4.7 tCO₂e/person).
Within Europe, Ireland sits above the regional median (~5.3 tCO₂e/person).
Within Europe, United Kingdom sits below the regional median (~5.3 tCO₂e/person).
Why the numbers can differ
GDP per capita often correlates with energy use: higher incomes tend to mean more transport, heating, and consumption. The relationship is not fixed—policy, energy mix, and urban design can decouple emissions from economic activity.
Urbanization affects transport patterns and building energy use. Denser cities can support public transit and district heating; sprawl tends to increase car dependency and per-capita emissions.
Electricity carbon intensity and the share of renewables in the power mix influence how much emissions drop when transport and heating electrify. Cleaner grids amplify the benefit of electric vehicles and heat pumps.
How to interpret per-capita vs total
Per-capita emissions divide a country's total CO₂ output by its population. That lets us compare nations fairly regardless of size. A large country with high total emissions can still have low per-person emissions if its population is very large. Total emissions matter for the global climate, but per-capita figures help us understand lifestyle and policy differences between countries.
What would move the gap
Targeted actions depend on each country's starting point. Levers that can narrow or reverse the gap include:
- Improving building insulation and energy efficiency
- Cutting down on air travel and long-haul freight
- Switching to renewable electricity and heat pumps for heating
- Increasing renewable share in electricity generation
- Retrofitting older buildings with heat pumps
- Improving industrial process efficiency
- Phasing out coal and fossil gas in power generation
- Shifting diets toward less carbon-intensive foods
- Reducing food waste along the supply chain
- Reducing car use and choosing electric vehicles
Data sources
- CO₂ per capita, territorial emissions: OWID (2025, 2025)
- Electricity carbon intensity: OWID / Ember (latest available)
- Renewables share of electricity: OWID / Ember (latest available)
- Ember: electricity mix, carbon intensity
Related comparisons
Frequently asked questions
Which country has higher CO2 per capita: Ireland or United Kingdom?
Ireland has higher per-capita emissions (~6.3 tCO₂e/person/year) than United Kingdom (~4.5 tCO₂e/person/year).
How do per-capita emissions differ from total emissions?
Per-capita emissions divide total national emissions by population, allowing fair comparison across countries of different sizes. Total emissions matter for global impact; per-capita figures help compare lifestyle and policy.
How does Ireland compare to the global median?
About 34% above the global median of ~4.7 tCO₂e per person.
How does United Kingdom compare to the global median?
Roughly at the global median.
Does this include consumption-based emissions?
The main figure is territorial (production-based). We also show consumption-based CO₂ per capita when available, which counts emissions embedded in imported goods.
How often is this data updated?
Data comes from Our World in Data, World Bank, and Ember. Coverage and latest year vary by metric.