Sources

Datasets used

We use several Our World in Data (OWID) datasets for CO₂ and greenhouse gas emissions. Their main CO₂ dataset includes territorial (production-based) emissions, consumption-based emissions, and per-capita figures by country. Data is derived from the Global Carbon Project and national inventories, harmonized and published under open licenses.

Datasets used: CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon intensity of electricity, Share of electricity from renewables.

World Bank indicators

Where we use GDP per capita, population, or urbanisation indicators for context or enrichment, we draw on World Bank Open Data. These help us provide additional background on countries but are not the primary source for emissions metrics.

Ember electricity data

Ember publishes annual electricity data including carbon intensity and renewables share by country. We may use Ember data for enrichment when it provides more recent or consistent coverage. Ember’s data is publicly available and used widely in energy and climate analysis.

Licensing and attribution

OWID data is typically released under CC BY 4.0 or similar open licenses. We attribute Our World in Data on relevant country and ranking pages. When you use our data or visualisations, please credit the original sources as indicated on each page.

How we update

We regenerate our country stats from source datasets during build. OWID typically updates annually as new national inventory data becomes available. Data years vary by country—some report with a one- to two-year lag. When you see a year like "2024" or "2025" on a country page, it reflects the latest year we have for that metric.

Feedback

If you spot an error, outdated figure, or missing attribution, please let us know. You can reach us via the contact or feedback options on our about page.