Denmark vs Italy
Italy emits more CO₂ per capita than Denmark by about ~0.3 tCO₂e/person/year (about 7% higher). Globally, Denmark ranks around #29 and Italy around #28 by CO₂ per capita. Both can be compared to the global median of ~4.7 tCO₂e per person.
CO₂ per capita
Lower is betterWorld median: ~~4.7 tCO₂e/year
Europe median: ~~5.3 tCO₂e/year
Consumption-based CO₂ per capita
Lower is betterWorld median: ~~6.5 tCO₂e/year
Europe median: ~~7.1 tCO₂e/year
Electricity carbon intensity
Lower is betterWorld median: ~~345 gCO₂/kWh
Europe median: ~~190 gCO₂/kWh
Key takeaways
Denmark has a much higher renewable share and slightly higher consumption-based emissions while Italy has much lower renewable share and lower consumption-based emissions and similar per-capita emissions.
Quick comparison
Italy has higher per-capita emissions (~5.1 tCO₂e/person/year) than Denmark (~4.7 tCO₂e/person/year). The difference is about ~-0.3 tCO₂e/person/year, or about 7% lower.
In the global ranking by CO₂ per capita, Denmark stands around #29 and Italy around #28.
Denmark is close to the global median (~4.7 tCO₂e/person).
Italy is above the global median (~4.7 tCO₂e/person), about 7% above.
Within Europe, Denmark sits below the regional median (~5.3 tCO₂e/person).
Within Europe, Italy sits close to the regional median (~5.3 tCO₂e/person).
Why the numbers can differ
GDP per capita often correlates with energy use: higher incomes tend to mean more transport, heating, and consumption. The relationship is not fixed—policy, energy mix, and urban design can decouple emissions from economic activity.
Urbanization affects transport patterns and building energy use. Denser cities can support public transit and district heating; sprawl tends to increase car dependency and per-capita emissions.
Electricity carbon intensity and the share of renewables in the power mix influence how much emissions drop when transport and heating electrify. Cleaner grids amplify the benefit of electric vehicles and heat pumps.
How to interpret per-capita vs total
Per-capita emissions divide a country's total CO₂ output by its population. That lets us compare nations fairly regardless of size. A large country with high total emissions can still have low per-person emissions if its population is very large. Total emissions matter for the global climate, but per-capita figures help us understand lifestyle and policy differences between countries.
What would move the gap
Targeted actions depend on each country's starting point. Levers that can narrow or reverse the gap include:
- Expanding clean energy access without locking in fossil dependency
- Supporting policies that phase out fossil fuels
- Ensuring new infrastructure is low-carbon from the start
- Avoiding high-emission development pathways
- Building resilience while keeping emissions low
Data sources
- CO₂ per capita, territorial emissions: OWID (2025, 2025)
- Electricity carbon intensity: OWID / Ember (latest available)
- Renewables share of electricity: OWID / Ember (latest available)
- Ember: electricity mix, carbon intensity
Related comparisons
Frequently asked questions
Which country has higher CO2 per capita: Denmark or Italy?
Italy has higher per-capita emissions (~5.1 tCO₂e/person/year) than Denmark (~4.7 tCO₂e/person/year).
How do per-capita emissions differ from total emissions?
Per-capita emissions divide total national emissions by population, allowing fair comparison across countries of different sizes. Total emissions matter for global impact; per-capita figures help compare lifestyle and policy.
How does Denmark compare to the global median?
Roughly at the global median.
How does Italy compare to the global median?
About 7% above the global median of ~4.7 tCO₂e per person.
Does this include consumption-based emissions?
The main figure is territorial (production-based). We also show consumption-based CO₂ per capita when available, which counts emissions embedded in imported goods.
How often is this data updated?
Data comes from Our World in Data, World Bank, and Ember. Coverage and latest year vary by metric.